Breeding methods for cross pollinated crops pdf merge

Breeding crosspollinated crops request pdf researchgate. Discuss the process of creating a new cultivar forage. Molecular breeding for the genetic improvement of forage crops and turf. Some plant species can be self pollinated, which occurs when pollen and pistil are from the same plant. At maturity the crop is harvested in mass, and the seeds are used to establish the next generation in a similar plot. Crosspollination definition of crosspollination at. After knowing the floral biology and botanical description of the crop,the next search is for breeding methods. Improved cultivars, along with advances in agronomic practices, and improvements in practices and chemistries for control of weeds and diseases has resulted. Mass selection, as applied to cross pollinated crops is essentially the same as that applied to self pollinated crops. Comparisons among breeding methods appli cable to crosspollinated plants are available fehr.

Consequently, breeding methods for cross pollinated crops aim at preventing inbreeding. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of. Plant breeding breeding selfpollinated species britannica. A description of each part of the wheat plant can be found in the introduction to wheat, along with a. Since cross pollinated species are naturally hybrid heterozygous for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred homozygous, a goal of each of. Mass selection is often described as the oldest method of breeding self pollinated plant species. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. View self pollinated crops breeding techniques03292016revised from agr 4320 at university of florida. In this method initial plants are selected on the basis of their phenotype, but the final selection of plant based on progeny test. Back cross method and various modified methods backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents. Jul 02, 2015 such lines often have to be included to increase the number of parental lines making up the synthetics as lines with outstanding gca are limited in number synthetics can be produced and maintained only in crosspollinated crop species, while hybrid varieties can be produced both in self and crosspollinated crops 46.

Breeding cross pollinated and clonally propagated crops. Breeding methods in crosspollinated species request pdf. Review article timelines in conventional crop improvement. Hybridization in self pollinated crops may occur naturally, albeit usually at a low frequency, or through controlled cross pollinations. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. The commonly used breeding methods of self pollinated plants were developed over a century ago in europe. Selffertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 1 plant breeding methods i. Full text of methods of plant breeding internet archive. Recurrent selection is an important breeding method employed to improve the populations of crop plants particularly those of cross pollinated species. While methods for improving self pollinated species tend to focus on improving individual plants, improving cross pollinated species, on the other hand, tends to focus on improving a population of plants. Field and computer simulation studies were used to estimate breeding progress with pedigree selection, single seed descent ssd and combinations of early generation pedigree selection followed by ssd. Selection is based on phenotypic characters of plants. Combination breeding is widely used to create variation in breeding lines.

There are four major steps in the process of creating a new cultivar. Meaning, if you save the seeds of a cross pollinated plant, your harvest could look different than expected because the two parent plants werent of the. It cannot be used for development of varieties in cross pollinated crops. This course focuses on the standard breeding methods and theories associated with population improvement of cross pollinated crops e. As previously discussed, selfpollinated species have a genetic structure that has implication in the choice of methods for their improvement. A large number of food crops are cross pollinated, including squash, onions, broccoli and spinach. Cross pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant. Breeding methods in crosspollinated species springerlink. Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops slideshare. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Breeding methods in self pollinated crops authorstream. Since cross pollinated species are naturally hybrid heterozygous for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred homozygous, a. Other species are cross pollinated, which means the pollen and pistil are from different plants. Definition and introduction to plant breeding method, classificaton of plant breeding method on 1.

The f2 generation is sown at normal commercial planting rates in a large plot. This method includes progeny selection on ear to row method. Selection of superior plants is based on the genotype commonly used in cross pollinated and often cross. Pedigree, masspedigree, bulkpopulation and singleseeddescent methods.

Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free. Desirable characteristics from different parent plants could also be combined in the offspring. General information plant breeding module of plant. Topics discussed include the common breeding methods used in improving cross pollinated crops and the theoretical basis for cross pollinated crop breeding. Mass selection progeny test, ear to row method and recurrent selection 5. Breeding crosspollinated and clonally propagated crops. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pedigree methods mass selection and pure line selection cannot be applied to segregating population. Fruit breeding is an ancient technology with dynamic current technology and an exciting future janick and moore, 1975, 1996.

Multiplication of plants without the fusion of male and female gametes is known asexual reproduction. The amount of seeds produced did not substantially differ between methods and the mother plants produced between 100 and 200 seeds. The selection cycle may be repeated one or more times to increase the frequency of favourable alleles. This hybrid vigour, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways, including. The methods used by plant breeders have developed along with the advancement of human civilization and have. Basically, the selection procedure of the best progenies was optimized, particularly with the development of agricultural experimentation based on the publications of fisher. Method of plant breeding in cross pollinated plants selection with progeny testing.

Crossing methods and cultivation conditions for rapid. Recurrent selection is an important breeding method and an alternative breeding strategy to improve the populations of crop plants mainly in cross pollinated species vasal et al. Sc ag seed science and technology department of genetics and plant breeding shiats allahabad up. This method is also used both in self and cross pollinated crops for production of pure lines and inbreeds.

Self pollinated crops breeding techniques03292016revised. Request pdf breeding crosspollinated crops while methods for improving selfpollinated species tend to focus on improving individual. Breeding methods that do not require hybridization. Open pollination between two plants under a single bag without emasculation of the female parent led to a mean success rate of.

Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. It is due to such reasons that imposition of selffertilization on cross pollinating crops leads to drastic reduction in their performance. In its broadest sense, fruit breeding refers to the purposeful genetic improvement of fruit crops through various techniques including selection, hybridization, mutation induction, and molecular techniques. Plant breeding is an ancient activity, dating to the very beginnings of agriculture. Breeding method for clonal or asexual propagated crops authors. Cross pollinated crops generally show moderate to severe inbreeding depression.

Introduction to onfarm organic plant breeding organic seed. The majority of the 5060 main grain crops of the world are predominantly selfpollinated. In this method of breeding, the best individuals with desired characters are selected on the basis of phenotypic performance in a source population. In self pollinating species, such as rice and wheat, landraces can be thought of as a mixture of pure lines, including some heterozygous individuals derived from a low frequency of cross. Plant breeding plant breeding breeding self pollinated species. Some examples of cross pollinated crops are alfalfa, rye, herbage grasses, forage legumes, red clover, some maizes. Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of self pollinated species.

Introduction populations of cross pollinated crops arc highly heterozygous as well as heterogeneous. As an ancient art, farmers saved seed from desirable plants for planting the next seasons crop, a practice that is still common in the agriculture of many developing countries. This method of selection is applicable to both self and cross. Gridded selection is one technique that can be used when doing mass selection to help account for the influ ence of field. Therefore, inbreeding must be avoided or kept to minimum in cross pollinated species. This presentation mainly emphasis on the population improvement in cross pollinated crops, types of combining ability and production of synthetics and composites. Pdf population improvement strategies for crop improvement.

Depending upon the mode of pollination the breeding methods also varies. The method is generally used for handling segregation generation may be grouped into three categories. In contrast to a biparental cross population, association. Choice of breeding procedure depends on the mode of reproduction and pollination of a crop species. The concept of heterosis and the identification of heterotic patternis is briefly described. These are the resources that have promising characteristics, collected from various locations around the world. Those with rates of crosspollination lying between the two. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants. Selfpollination, or more exactly almost full selfpollination, is the principle mating system found in grain crops and in many vegetables. Wageningen academic publishers, wageningen, nl, pp. Breeding methods in cross poll inated crops methods of population improvement breeding methods breeding methods with without progeny progeny test test eg.

Because breeding programs are dynamic, complex genetic entities, marker phenotype relationships must be evaluated frequently. Cross pollination can only occur between members of the same species. Crops with a maximum of 5% natural outcrossing are considered as self pollinated while those with more than 50% as cross pollinated. Breeding self pollinated crops hybridization methods hybridization and gene recombination generate new genotypes. Conventional plant breeding has been going on for hundreds of years, and is still commonly used today.

Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops authorstream. Only a few such as maize, rye, pearl millet, buckwheat, or scarlet runner bean are crosspollinated. The challenge of the plant breeder is to develop better varieties. Sandeep kumar bangarwa and ashwani kumar asexual reproduction. The development of hybrid varieties differs from hybridization in that no attempt is made to produce a pure breeding population. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. How to cross wheat the following section aims to illustrate how to perform crosses in wheat. The process of fertilization takes place only after pollination has occurred and allows the flower to develop seeds. Nov 12, 2009 in section three hybrid breeding is dealt with. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.

Cross pollinated crops online august 3 august 31, 2020 dates are approximate the foundation for breeding methods with selfpollinated crops that we explored in module two of the basics of plant breeding is that heterozygosity cannot be maintained and a population will segregate to a mixture of near pure lines over. Contents introduction characters of cross pollinated crops methods of breeding in cross pollinated crops mass selection progeny selection or eartorow method. Only those breeding and selection methods are suitable for a crop which does not interfere with its natural state or ensure the maintenance of such a state. Cultivar development in crosspollinated species compared to self pollinated species, cross pollinated species differ in their gene pool structure, and in the extent of genetic recombination unselected populations typically consist of a heterogeneous mixture of heterozygotes. Top 3 breeding methods used for crosspollinated crops. Breeding self pollinated crops linkedin slideshare. Cross pollination, also called allogamy, occurs when pollen is delivered from the stamen of one flower to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. Pedigree selection was the most effective simulated selection method. In this chapter we are concerned with the methods by which new varieties of self pollinated crop plants originate. Pollination can be accomplished by cross pollination or by selfpollination. Delivery online learners have the option of participating in live lectures presented twice weekly to facetoface students or viewing the taped lectures online in extension.

Association breeding strategies utilize phenotypic and genotypic information to increase gain from selection and reduce selection cycle time. Method of plant breeding in cross pollinated plants. Recurrent selection for combining ability has been shown to be a useful method for improving yield and adaptability of a number of crosspollinated crops. In addition to critiquing previously described breeding methods, we also describe a. Breeding field crops, 5th edition, thoroughly covers the field of plant breeding. The bulkpopulation method of breeding differs from the pedigree method primarily in the handling of generations following hybridization. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Breeding method for clonal or asexual propagated crops pdf. For example, it is impossible to create a hybrid of a cucumber and a zucchini as they are separate species within the same family. Breeding method in self pollinated crop breeding method.

Probably soon after the earliest domestications of cereal grains, humans began to recognize degrees of excellence among the plants in their fields and saved seed from the best for planting new crops. A population is a large group of interbreeding individuals. Salimath and others published conventional breeding methods find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Such tentative selective methods were the forerunners of. Cassava crossing block at iita in which all male flowers were removed from parents being used as females and the resulting fruits from cross pollinated flowers are being collected in muslin bags before they dehisce explosively. Some examples of cross pollinated crops are alfalfa, rye. Lettuce breeding and genetics united states department of. The breeding methods commonly used in cross pollinated crops. Consequently, seed from hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock but the farmer purchases new seed each year from seed companies. Standard breeding methods for self pollinated crops have been used to develop peanut cultivars. The types of genotypes that can be generated are a function of the genotypes of the parents.

Faster crop breeding methods compared with traditional methods. Population improvement strategies for crop improvement. A special section deals with the breeding of autotetraploids with respect to inbreeding, selection, synthetics and hybrid breeding. The breeding methods that have proved successful with self pollinated species are. Request pdf breeding methods in cros spollinated species plant breeding is the genetic improvement of plants and is considered to be both a science and an art. Reproduction refers to the process by which living organisms give rise to the offspring of similar kind species. Plant breeding methods 1 plant breeding methods additional new reference george acquaah.

Specific objectives theory by the end of the course, the students will be able to i. In understanding whether a plant is true breeding homozygous or segregating heterozygous for a particular character in the assessment of the breeding value of a plant features of progeny selection. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or cross pollinated to increase yields. Population improvement was the earliest breeding method applied to cross pollinated crops. This method is applicable to self pollinated crops. Cross pollination definition, the transfer of pollen from the flower of one plant to the flower of a plant having a different genetic constitution. Methods with cross pollinating crops intrapopulation improvement 1. Top 3 breeding methods used for crosspollinated crops plant. Unit 3 breeding cross pollinated crops topics covered include. Jul 02, 2015 breeding methods in cross pollinated crops methods of population improvement breeding methods breeding methods with without progeny progeny test test eg. Breeding methods in crop plants have been developed that exploit the reproductive genetic structure of particular crop populations.

Their genetic makeup is such that they show variable inbreeding depression. There are many different techniques but we will only show our method here. Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. The most important methods of breeding cross pollinated species are 1 mass selection.

Collect germplasm, the living genetic resources such as seeds or tissues that are maintained for the purpose of plant breeding, preservation, and other research uses. Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or self pollinated cross pollinated means that an insect or wind normally carries pollen from one plant to another in order to fertilize it self pollinated means that the plant will pollinate and fertilize itself both types require that you. Request pdf breeding methods in crosspollinated species plant breeding is the genetic improvement of plants and is considered to be. Plant breeding plant breeding breeding selfpollinated species. As a result, the genotype of the backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of the recurrent parent. Instead, it will impact the seeds the plant produces. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Different breeding approaches are required for self pollinating, cross pollinating and clonallypropagated plants. Plant breeders use different methods depending on the mode of reproduction of crops, which include. Pdf breeding strategies of self pollinated crop with.